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IRS Releases Updated Inflation Adjustments for Gift Tax Annual Exclusion, Unified Credit Amount, and GST Tax Exemption for 2023

There are numerous tax exclusions and exemptions that frequently impact our clients. Each year the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) evaluates, and often adjusts these exclusions and exemptions to account for inflation. This article briefly summarizes (1) the most common exemptions and exclusions, (2) the IRS adjustments to such exemptions and exclusions, and (3) what the 2023 adjustments mean for you.

“As Is” Clause Held to Preclude Claim Arising From Seller’s Oral Representations That Damaged Parts on an Aircraft Were Repairable

The significance of “as is” language in an aircraft sales agreement is demonstrated again in a recent decision of the Federal District Court for the Northern District of Texas.  In Red River Aircraft Leasing, LLC v. JetBrokers, Inc., the aircraft buyer had learned of hail damage to an aircraft during the course of negotiations, but was assured by the seller that the damaged parts were repairable.  Of course, after taking possession of the aircraft, the buyer learned that the parts in question were not repairable, and proceeded to sue the seller on a theory of negligent misspresentation.  The Federal Court, however, ruled that because the buyer had accepted the aircraft “as is” and “with all faults” in its purchase agreement, it would be unable to establish that it relied on the seller’s statement in buying the aircraft.  The court therefore entered a summary judgment for the seller, leaving the buyer without a remedy.

Mistaken Use In Sales Contract Of Spec Sheet For A Different Aircraft Is Held To Void Buyer’s Purchase Obligation

The importance of selecting the correct specification sheet is driven home in a recent decision of the Federal District Court for the Western District of New York.

Sale of New Aircraft With Used Engine Supports Claim of Fraud

The Texas Court of Appeals in Dallas ruled this week that a buyer purchasing a new aircraft from the manufacturer made a submissible case of fraud against the seller when it introduced evidence that one of the aircraft engines had previously been used on another aircraft, and that this fact had not been fully disclosed to the buyer.

Certificate of Airworthiness Ineffective When Noncompliance with FAR is Present

In Munich v. Columbia Basin Helicopter, Inc., the U.S. District Court for the District of Oregon found that a contract term requiring delivery of an airworthiness certificate by the seller may be breached even when a certificate is provided at the time of delivery.

Washington Decision Rejects Seller’s Reliance on Boilerplate Warranty Disclaimer

The Seattle seller of a used aircraft discovered that its use of an “as is” clause in its general disclaimer of warranties did not suffice to exonerate it from the consequences of delivering an unairworthy aircraft, even after the buyer’s conditional acceptance of the aircraft.

Closing on Sale and Acceptance of Aircraft with Bill of Sale Specifying “As Is” Delivery Waives Contract Provisions Requiring Seller to Correct Discrepancies and Deliver an Airworthy Aircraft

The aircraft buyer in Wedderburn Corporation v. Jetcraft Corporation learned the hard way that a contract term calling for delivery of an airworthy aircraft with discrepancies repaired would not protect the buyer under all circumstances.

Contract with Foreign Buyer Calling for Delivery in Airworthy Condition may Imply Compliance with Airworthiness Standards of Foreign Nation

In a recent decision in Daiichi Koku Co. v. J.E. Aero, Inc., the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois considered a claim in which the plaintiff, a Japanese air carrier, had entered into an Aircraft Purchase Agreement to acquire a used aircraft from an Illinois broker.

No Missouri Use Tax Due When Aircraft is Purchased for Immediate Lease to a Missouri Common Carrier

In its recent ruling in Five Delta Alpha, LLC v. Director of Revenue, the Missouri Supreme Court has ruled that an aircraft transfer is exempt from Missouri use tax under the “sale or resale” exemption even when the aircraft is leased rather than sold to a Missouri common carrier.

Alter Ego and Joint Venture Theories Permitted Under Montreal Convention

The Montreal Convention provides that carriers are liable for damages when a passenger is injured or killed on an international flight. When a carrier lacks the assets to cover these damages, however, claimants may have no recourse unless liability under the Convention may be applied against other parties. A recent ruling by the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida has endorsed a theory for expanded liability in a noteworthy decision.

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